- Male migration rate much higher than females
- Migration of people in urban more than rural
- Men migrate for income and women for marital reasons
The migration rate from district to district has increased in the country over one year. Similarly, rural-to-urban migration has also increased. The latest report of Bangladesh Sample Vital Statistics of Bangladesh Bureau of Statistics (BBS) shows the figures for 5 consecutive years from 2018 to 2022 with the population migration and migration rate at the district level. Among these, the gap between 2021-2022 is more.
Dr. ASM Amanullah, Professor of Sociology at Dhaka University, said that people change their place of residence mainly due to the push and pull factor. Be it within internal borders or internationally.
Social scientists said that people go from one place to another hoping for a better situation than that present situation.
According to the Bangladesh Sample Vital Statistics Report, the overall internal (district to district) migration rate is 30.8 per thousand population as per the 2022 figure. In 2021, this rate was 24.7 respectively. Among them, the male migration rate is much higher than the female. While 33.3 men migrated per thousand, the female migration rate was 28.3 per thousand.
On the other hand, the rate of internal migration of people in urban areas is 2.5 times higher than in rural areas. The urban population also tends to migrate more than the rural population. The rate of migration from rural areas is 5.1 people per 1000 population. This increase has occurred in urban areas at 18.9 people per 1,000 population.
As the reason for migration mentioned in the report, a large part of the population migrates to live with their family members (both inflows and outflows). This trend can be observed in about 63.4 percent of inward migration and about 51.1 percent of outward migration. Income motive in the case of men and marital reasons in the case of women are considered to be the two main reasons behind the migration process. Meanwhile, the migration rate among women is highest among the 15-29 age group. In this age group, the level of migration of males is relatively less than that of females.
The review shows that a significant number of children aged 0-4 have migrated from one place to another with their parents, resulting in a high rate of migration among children in this age group. This applies to both boys and girls.
The same report by BSS also gives statistics on the rate of internal migration per thousand households within the district boundaries. According to the data for 2021-2022, this inward migration rate increased by 51 families in a year. In this, the rural migration rate increased by 29 families per thousand and the urban migration rate increased by 118 families per thousand.
According to the data in the same district, the rate of urban-to-rural migration has increased by 7 families and the rate of rural-to-urban migration has increased by 26 families. Again, urban to urban migration increased by 92 households, and rural to rural migration increased by 22 households.
On the other hand, the out-migration rate has increased by 62 families per thousand families within the district boundaries in one year. The rate of out-migration from villages increased by 59 families per thousand and the rate of out-migration from cities increased by 71 families per thousand.
ARS
